# InspectEdgeForDefect

The InspectEdgeForDefect function is used to construct an edge model to perform advanced edge analysis on the edges or edge pairs returned by an InspectEdge function. This data is used to construct a best-fit line fit to compare found edges or edge pairs against, detecting defects and gaps, such as the distance from the line fit.

## InspectEdgeForDefect Overview

After inserting the function into the spreadsheet, a reference must be made to an Inspect data structure output by an InspectEdge function. Once the reference to the InspectEdge function has been established, the edge model is created by configuring the parameters of the InspectEdgeForDefect function. The edge model involves defining the following:

- The type of line fit - straight or circular.
- The type of edge - single or edge pair.
- The type of edge transition - white to black or vice-versa.
- The edge scoring criteria that will be used to filter unwanted edges.
- The line fit criteria that will be used to filter unwanted edges from the line fit.
- The tolerances for defects and/or gaps to be encountered.

Once the edge model has been established, the function will compare edge candidates against the edge model and report deviations from the model.

Example - Passing Straight Line Fit Edge

Example - Failing Straight Line Fit Edge

Example - Failing Circular Line Fit Edge

## InspectEdgeForDefect Inputs

Parameter | Description
InspectEdge | Specifies a reference to a spreadsheet cell that contains a valid Inspect data structure returned by an InspectEdge function.
Line Fit | Specifies the type of line fit to be constructed out of the detected edges.
1 = Straight Line Fit | The function will create a straight line fit from the detected edges.
2 = Circle Line Fit | The function will create a circular line fit from the detected edges.
3 = Auto Fit (default) | The function automatically creates either a straight line or circular fit, based on the referenced Region.
Inspect Edge Pairs | Specifies whether or not the function should detect edge pairs. Detected edge pairs will be labeled graphically within the image, with the first edge detected being 0, and the second edge being 1.
0 = Off (default) | The function will not detect edge pairs.
1 = On | The function will attempt to detect edge pairs, based upon the Edge Scoring parameters.
Find Edge Direction | Specifies the direction in which the function will attempt to detect edges. Dark green arrows are added to graphically illustrate the direction in which the edge will be detected. Fit lines will be labeled graphically within the image, with the first fit line being labeled 0, and the second fit line being 1. Note: If the region of interest (ROI) of the referenced InspectEdge function is bent into a curve, the inspection will be relative to the curve’s center. When the Find Edge Direction parameter is set to Left-to-Right, it inspects towards the curve’s center, and when set to Right-to-Left, it inspects away from the curve’s center.
0 = Left-to-Right (default) | The function will attempt to detect edges from the left of the ROI to the right. Example
1 = Right-to-Left | The function will attempt to detect edges from the right of the ROI to the left. Example
3 = Center Outward | The function will attempt to detect edges from the center of the ROI to the upper and lower bounds of the ROI (the order of the found edges will be in the opposite direction of the "X" arrow on the ROI). Example Note: The Inspect Edge Pairs parameter must be On to enable this selection.
2 = Outside In | The function will attempt to detect edges from the upper and lower bounds of the ROI to the center of the ROI (the order of the found edges will be in the opposite direction of the "X" arrow on the ROI). Example Note: The Inspect Edge Pairs parameter must be On to enable this selection.
Edge: First | Specifies the contrast transition of the first edge to be detected, as determined by the Find Edge Direction parameter.
1 = Black-to-White | The edge transitions from black pixels to white pixels.
2 = White-to-Black (default) | The edge transitions from white pixels to black pixels.
3 = Either | The edge can transition from either black-to-white, or white-to-black, and the function will determine the proper transition. Specifying the transition improves the performance of the function.
Edge: Second | Specifies the contrast transition of the second edge to be detected, as determined by the Find Edge Direction parameter. Note: The Inspect Edge Pairs parameter must be On to enable this selection.
1 = Black-to-White (default) | The edge transitions from black pixels to white pixels.
2 = White-to-Black | The edge transitions from white pixels to black pixels.
3 = Either | The edge can transition from either black-to-white, or white-to-black, and the function will determine the proper transition. Specifying the transition improves the performance of the function.
Edge Scoring | Specifies the edge scoring mode that will be used to determine whether or not an edge meets the established criteria.
Score Threshold | Specifies a scoring threshold to filter out edges with scores (1 to 100; default = 10) lower than this value.
Edge Rules | Specifies the type of edge that is most important when calculating the score.
1 = First | The first edge detected receives the highest consideration.
2 = Strongest | The edge with the strongest contrast transition receives the highest consideration.
3 = First Strongest (default) | The first edge detected, with the strongest transition, receives the highest consideration.
4 = Edge Pair Size | The edge pair detected with the size closest to the Pair Size parameter receives the highest consideration.
5 = First Edge Pair Size | The first edge pair detected with the size closest to the Pair Size parameter receives the highest consideration.
6 = Strongest Edge Pair Size | The edge pair detected with the strongest transition and the size closest to the Pair Size parameter receives the highest consideration.
7 = First Strongest Edge Pair Size | The first edge pair, with the strongest transition and the size closest to the Pair Size parameter, receives the highest consideration.
Contrast Upper Bound | Specifies the upper limit of the edge contrast transition (2 to 255; default = 255) to be considered an edge; edges with an edge contrast transition above this value will have the same highest score. Note: The Edge Rules parameter must be set to either Strongest, First Strongest, Strongest Edge Pair Size or First Strongest Edge Pair Size to enable this parameter.
Pair Size | Specifies the edge pair size at which the highest score is achieved (valid range is 1 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default = 5). When this parameter is enabled, edge pairs detected above or below this value are scored proportionally to this value. For example, if the Pair Size is set to 10, and two edge pair candidates are detected, one with a value of 8 and another with 14, the edge pair with a value of 8 would be selected because it is closer to the limit than the second edge pair. Note: The Inspect Edge Pairs parameter must be On, and the Edge Rules parameter must be set to either Edge Pair Size, First Edge Pair Size, Strongest Edge Pair Size or First Strongest Edge Pair Size to enable this parameter.
Advanced Line Fit | Specifies how the function should construct the line fit.
Filter Outliers | Specifies that the function will remove points from the Fit Line that are further than the distance specified in the Fit Distance Filter parameter.
0 = Off (default) | The function will not account for outlier edges.
1 = On | The function will account for outlier edges in its calculation.
Fit Distance Filter | Specifies the distance, in pixels (valid ranges are 1 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default = 2), from which an edge must be from the original Fit Line to be utilized in a re-fit calculation. This setting is useful in helping to prevent defects from affecting the line fit. Filter Outliers must be On to enable this setting.
Furthest Point Filter Distance | Specifies the distance an outlier can be from the line fit and still considered a part of the line fit (valid ranges are 1 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default is 3 times the vision system's image width); any edge which is greater than this value will be ignored.
Re-Score | Specifies that the edges will be re-scored to select edges which are closer to the line fit.
0 = Off (default) | The function will not re-score the edges to account for outliers.
1 = On | The function will re-score the edges to account for outlier edges in its calculation.
Re-Fit | Specifies that the function will re-fit the line fit after the edges have been re-scored. Enabling this functionality helps the accuracy of the line fit, however it adds processing time.
0 = Off (default) | The function will not attempt to re-fit the line fit.
1 = On | The function will re-fit the line fit after the edges have been re-scored.
Max Number of Defects/Gaps | Specifies the maximum number of defects and/or gaps the function should expect to detect (1 to 4096; default = 5). This value is applied to Defects and Gaps individually; e.g. when the setting is 5, the function expects to encounter a maximum of 5 Defects and 5 Gaps. This setting is used to construct the Vision Data Access Result Table in the spreadsheet.
Defects | Specifies the parameters for determining defects in the edge from the line fit.
Min Distance | Specifies that any distance, in pixels (valid ranges are 0.001 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default = 3 pixels), from the edge and the line fit less than this value is not a defect.
Max Distance | Specifies that any distance, in pixels (valid ranges are 0.001 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default is 3 times the vision system's image width), from the edge and the line fit greater than this value is not a defect. Note: If this value is less than the Min Distance parameter, the function will result in a #ERR.
Size Enabled | Specifies whether or not the function will account for size defects. Size defects account for the length along the edge. Note: When Size Enabled and Area Enabled are both On, only defects which fail both conditions will be displayed.
0 = Off | The function will not account for size defects.
1 = On (default) | The function will account for size defects, based on the Min Size and Max Size parameter settings.
Min Size | Specifies the minimum defect size, in pixels (valid ranges are 0.001 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default = 3 pixels); continuous deviations from the line fit which are less than this value are not considered defects.
Max Size | Specifies the maximum defect size, in pixels (valid ranges are 0.001 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default is 3 times the vision system's width); continuous deviations from the line fit which are greater than this value are not considered defects.
Area Enabled | Specifies whether or not the function will account for area defects. Area defects account for the length along the line fit and how far the defective edge is from the line fit. Note: When Size Enabled and Area Enabled are both On, only defects which fail both conditions will be displayed.
0 = Off | The function will not account for area defects.
1 = On (default) | The function will account for area defects, based on the Min Area and Max Area parameter settings.
Min Area | Specifies the minimum area defect, in pixels (valid range is from 0.000 to 1000000; default is 10); an area less than this value is not considered a defect.
Max Area | Specifies the maximum area defect, in pixels (valid range is from 0.000 to 1000000; default is 1000000); an area greater than this value is not considered a defect.
Defect Line Fit Filter | Specifies whether or not to filter defects based on their position relative to the line fit.
0 = No Filter (default) | The function will return defects on both sides of the line fit.
1 = Ignore Left of Line Fit | The function will filter the left side defects, only returning defects found on right side of the line fit.
2 = Ignore Right of Line Fit | The function will filter the right side defects, only returning defects found on left side of the line fit.
Sort Criteria | Specifies how the detected defects will be sorted.
By Size (default) | The function will sort detected defects by their size, from the largest to smallest.
By Area | The function will sort detected defects by their area, from the largest to smallest.
By Position | The function will sort detected defects by their Caliper index.
Gaps | Specifies the parameters for determining gaps in the edge.
Enabled | Specifies whether or not the function will account for gaps in the found edge.
0 = Off | The function will not account for gaps.
1 = On (default) | The function will account for gaps, based on the other Gaps parameter settings.
Gap Minimum | Specifies the minimum gap, in pixels (valid ranges are 0.001 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default = 3 pixels); gaps less than this value are not considered to be gaps.
Gap Maximum | Specifies the maximum gap, in pixels (valid ranges are 0.001 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default is 3 times the vision system's image width); gaps greater than this value are not considered to be gaps.
Max Displacement | Specifies the maximum displacement, in pixels (valid ranges are 1 to 3 times the In-Sight vision system's image width; default is 3 times the vision system's image width), from the line fit to be considered a gap; this setting acts as a filter to remove edges which are detected but are not along the same line fit as the other detected edges. Note: If the Inspect Edge Pairs parameter is enabled, the maximum displacement is measured, in pixels, from the center of the region to the center of the edge pair. If this distance is more than the Max Displacement parameter value, it will be considered a gap.
Ignore Gap Ends | Specifies whether or not the function will account for gaps detected at the beginning and end of the ROI.
0 = Off | The function will not account for gaps detected at the beginning and end of the ROI.
1 = On (default) | The function will account for gaps detected at the beginning and end of the ROI.
Sort Criteria | Specifies how the detected gaps will be sorted.
By Size (default) | The function will sort detected gaps by their size, from the largest to smallest.
By Position | The function will sort detected gaps by their Caliper index.
Caliper Index | Specifies the Caliper to be displayed on the image (the Caliper will be outlined in green); default Caliper displayed is 0.
Show | Specifies the display mode for the function's graphical overlays on top of the image.
0 = hide all (default) | All graphics will be hidden, except when the cell containing the InspectEdgeForDefect function is highlighted in the spreadsheet.
1 = result graphics only | The line fit, detected defects, outlier points and/or gaps will be displayed at all times.
2 = result graphics and found edge | The line fit, detected defects, outlier points and/or gaps, and detected edge points will be displayed at all times.
3 = result graphics and caliper detail | The line fit, detected defects, outlier points and/or gaps, detected edge points, and the indexed Caliper window will be displayed at all times.
4 = show all: input and result graphics | Both the input region, line fit, detected defects, outlier points and/or gaps, and detected edge points will be displayed at all times.

## InspectEdgeForDefect Outputs

Returns | An Inspect data structure containing the detected defects, extremes and gaps, or #ERR if any of the input parameters are invalid.
Results | When InspectEdgeForDefect is initially inserted into a cell, a results table is created in the spreadsheet, and the result table corresponds to the type of search being performed. Note: If the value of the Max Number of Defects/Gaps parameter is greater than zero, InspectEdgeForDefect will automatically insert a result table containing a maximum of 10 entries that correspond to the first 10 defects/gaps/edges/edge pairs in the data structure. If you wish to display more entries, you can expand the table by copying the last row and pasting additional rows at the end. The following InspectEdge Vision Data Access Functions are automatically inserted into the spreadsheet to create the InspectEdgeForDefect data structure result table, which is broken into four sections, Summary, Defects, Gaps and Extremes:
Spreadsheet Name | Function Name | Description
Summary
Defects/Gaps | GetDefectGapCount(Inspect, Defect/Gap, Size/Area, Edge Pair Index) | Returns the number of defects/gaps, depending on which is specified. Defects = 0, Gap = 1; Size = 0, Area = 1.
X 0/1 | GetFitEdgeX(Inspect, Edge Pair Index, Point Index, Edge Index) | Returns the x-coordinate of the specified point.
Y 0/1 | GetFitEdgeY(Inspect, Edge Pair Index, Point Index) | Returns the y-coordinate of the specified point.
Center X | GetFitEdgeCenterX(Inspect, Point Index) | Inserted when a Circle Line Fit is specified, returns the x-coordinate of the center of the circle line fit.
Center Y | GetFitEdgeCenterY(Inspect, Point Index) | Inserted when a Circle Line Fit is specified, returns the y-coordinate of the center of the circle line fit.
Radius | GetFitEdgeRadius(Inspect, Edge Pair Index, Point Index) | Inserted when a Circle Line Fit is specified, returns the distance from the center of the circle line fit for the selected Edge Pair.
Defects/Gaps
Size/Area | GetDefectGapValue(Inspect, Defect/Gap Index, Defect/Gap, Edge Pair Index, Size/Area/Width) | Returns the size or area of the defect or gap.Defect = 0, Gap = 1; Size = 0, Area = 1, Width = 2.
X | GetDefectGapBoundsX(Inspect, Defect/Gap Index, Defect/Gap, Edge Pair Index) | Returns the x-coordinate of the defect's bounding rectangle.
Y | GetDefectGapBoundsY(Inspect, Defect/Gap Index, Defect/Gap, Edge Pair Index) | Returns the y-coordinate of the defect's bounding rectangle.
Height | GetDefectGapBoundsHeight(Inspect, Defect/Gap Index, Defect/Gap, Edge Pair Index) | Returns the height of the defect's bounding rectangle.
Width | GetDefectGapBoundsWidth(Inspect, Defect/Gap Index, Defect/Gap, Edge Pair Index) | Returns the width of the defect's bounding rectangle.
Angle | GetDefectGapBoundsAngle(Inspect, Defect/Gap Index, Defect/Gap, Edge Pair Index) | Returns the angle of the defect's bounding rectangle.
Curve | GetDefectGapBoundsCurve(Inspect, Defect/Gap Index, Defect/Gap, Edge Pair Index) | Returns the curve of the defect's bounding rectangle.
Start/End | GetDefectGapCaliperIndex(Inspect, Defect/Gap Index, Defect/Gap, Edge Pair Index, Defect Start/End) | Returns the Caliper in which the defect starts or ends (Start = 0, End = 1).
Extremes - Furthest Point 1/2
Caliper | GetExtremePoints(Inspect, Edge Pair Index, Near/Far) | Returns the index of the Caliper whose edge is furthest from the line fit (Near = 0 and Far = 1).
X | GetEdgeX(Inspect, Caliper Index, Edge Pair Index or Edge Index) | Returns the x-coordinate of the referenced edge.
Y | GetEdgeY(Inspect, Caliper Index, Edge Pair Index or Edge Index) | Returns the y-coordinate of the referenced edge.
Distance | GetEdgeFromFit(Inspect, Caliper Index, Edge Pair Index) | Returns the distance from the referenced Caliper's edge to the line fit.
All of the formulas for the InspectEdgeForDefect conform to the following: Note: Inspect = An Inspect data structure output by an InspectEdgeForDefect function Caliper Index = 0 to N (the total number of Calipers is equal to the number of Calipers output by the InspectEdge function that the InspectEdgeForDefect function is referencing) Edge Pair Index = 0 or 1 Edge Index = 0 to N Point Index = 0 to 1 If the Inspect Edge Pairs parameter is enabled, additional rows of data for Edge 1 will be automatically inserted into the spreadsheet. When enabled, an index of 0 will return information regarding Edge 0, and an index of 1 returns information regarding Edge 1.